TY - JOUR AU - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela, Ana Luisa AU - Zaidan Alves, Penha Cristina AU - Kenji Akimoto, Arthur AU - Souza Lordelo, Graciana AU - de Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães, Maria AU - Koppe Grisolia, Cesar PY - 2020/12/11 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Under Increased Hydrogen Peroxide Conditions, the Antioxidant Effects of Pequi Oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) to Decrease DNA Damage in Runners are Influenced by Sex, Age and Oxidative Stress-related Genetic Polymorphisms JF - Free Radicals and Antioxidants JA - Free Rad. Antiox. VL - 1 IS - 3 SE - Original Article DO - 10.5530/ax.2011.3.5 UR - https://antiox.org/index.php/fra/article/view/198 SP - 27-39 AB - <p><strong>Context:</strong> Exhausting exercise, increasing reactive oxygen species, can overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant system’s capacity, resulting in oxidative damage to DNA. Deficient antioxidant defenses, influenced by certain genetic polymorphisms, may contribute. <strong>Aims:</strong> We aimed to investigate whether carotenoid-rich oil from pequi (<em>Caryocar brasiliense</em>) could decrease DNA damage in athletes submitted to increased hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) conditions and in those less genetically favored by antioxidant defenses. <strong>Methods and Material:</strong> Runners’ blood (N = 125) was analyzed after races under the same environment, type, intensity and length of weekly training conditions, before and after 14 days of pequi-oil supplementation. DNA damage was assessed by comet assay before and after H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure, with gene polymorphisms of MnSOD Val9Ala, CAT –21A/T, GPx-1 Pro198Leu, del{GSTM1}, del{GSTT1}, ACE and Haptoglobin. <strong>Results:</strong> Without additional oxidative stress imposed by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, pequi oil was particularly efficient reducing DNA damage for women, age group of 20-40 years, distance of 8-10 Km and genotypes MnSOD Val/Ala, CAT TT, GPx-1 Pro/Leu, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 non-null, ACE DD and II and Hp1F-2. For treatment with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> at 0.25 mM, pequi oil resulted in decreased DNA damage only for running 16-21 Km; for treatment with 1 mM, decrease was for 20-40 years and genotypes GPx-1 Pro/Pro and ACE ID. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pequi oil’s effect on exercise-induced DNA damage was therefore influenced by sex, age and genetic polymorphisms, indicating that: long-distance races can be harmful, mainly for older athletes, due to oxidative stress above organism adaptability; genotypes showed different responses; under increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> conditions, GPx-1 Pro/Pro and ACE ID genotypes were more responsive to antioxidant supplementation.</p> ER -